{"id":98,"date":"2026-09-30T19:31:51","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T17:31:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leweb2ks.dev\/vitrine-vocadial\/es\/recursos\/present-simple\/"},"modified":"2026-09-30T19:31:51","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T17:31:51","slug":"present-simple","status":"publish","type":"vd_ressource","link":"https:\/\/vocadial.com\/es\/recursos\/present-simple\/","title":{"rendered":"Present simple en ingl\u00e9s: reglas, tablas, usos y errores t\u00edpicos"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cu\u00e1ndo se usa el present simple<\/h2>\n\n

El present simple es el presente de lo habitual y lo permanente: lo que hacemos a menudo, lo que es verdad en general, lo que no cambia de un d\u00eda para otro.<\/p>\n\n

  1. H\u00e1bitos y rutinas.<\/strong> I get up at seven.<\/span> We have English on Mondays.<\/span><\/li>
  2. Hechos y verdades generales.<\/strong> Water boils at 100 \u00b0C.<\/span> Cats don’t like water.<\/span><\/li>
  3. Situaciones permanentes.<\/strong> My aunt lives in Valencia.<\/span> He works in a hospital.<\/span><\/li>
  4. Gustos, opiniones y estados.<\/strong> I like chocolate.<\/span> I don’t understand.<\/span> She knows the answer.<\/span><\/li>
  5. Horarios y calendarios.<\/strong> The train leaves at eight.<\/span> The film starts at half past six.<\/span><\/li>
  6. Tras when, if, as soon as o before con sentido de futuro.<\/strong> I’ll call you when I arrive.<\/span> Donde el espa\u00f1ol pone subjuntivo (\u00abcuando llegue\u00bb), el ingl\u00e9s pone present simple, no will<\/span>: \u00abwhen I will arrive\u00bb es un error.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n

    Suele ir con expresiones como every day<\/span>, on Saturdays<\/span>, in the morning<\/span>, once a week<\/span> y con los adverbios de frecuencia.<\/p>\n\n

    La afirmativa: la -s de he, she, it<\/h2>\n\n

    El verbo es igual en todas las personas salvo en la tercera del singular, que a\u00f1ade -s. Es la \u00fanica terminaci\u00f3n del presente ingl\u00e9s, y la que m\u00e1s se olvida.<\/p>\n\n

    Afirmativa<\/th>Negativa<\/th>Pregunta<\/th>Espa\u00f1ol<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    I work<\/td>I don’t work<\/td>Do I work?<\/td>trabajo<\/td><\/tr>
    you work<\/td>you don’t work<\/td>Do you work?<\/td>trabajas; usted trabaja<\/td><\/tr>
    he works<\/td>he doesn’t work<\/td>Does he work?<\/td>\u00e9l trabaja<\/td><\/tr>
    she works<\/td>she doesn’t work<\/td>Does she work?<\/td>ella trabaja<\/td><\/tr>
    it works<\/td>it doesn’t work<\/td>Does it work?<\/td>funciona<\/td><\/tr>
    we work<\/td>we don’t work<\/td>Do we work?<\/td>trabajamos<\/td><\/tr>
    you work<\/td>you don’t work<\/td>Do you work?<\/td>trabaj\u00e1is; ustedes trabajan<\/td><\/tr>
    they work<\/td>they don’t work<\/td>Do they work?<\/td>trabajan<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

    don’t<\/span> es la contracci\u00f3n de do not<\/span>, y doesn’t<\/span>, la de does not<\/span>. Las formas completas se reservan para el registro formal o para insistir: I do not agree.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

    Ortograf\u00eda de la tercera persona<\/h3>\n\n
    1. Regla general: -s.<\/strong> works<\/span>, reads<\/span>, plays<\/span>, buys<\/span>.<\/li>
    2. -es tras -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x y -z.<\/strong> misses<\/span>, washes<\/span>, watches<\/span>, fixes<\/span>, buzzes<\/span>. Tambi\u00e9n goes<\/span> y does<\/span>.<\/li>
    3. Consonante + y: -ies.<\/strong> study<\/span>, studies<\/span>; fly<\/span>, flies<\/span>; cry<\/span>, cries<\/span>. Con vocal + y, solo -s: plays<\/span>, enjoys<\/span>.<\/li>
    4. Have: has.<\/strong> She has two brothers.<\/span> Es la \u00fanica forma realmente irregular del present simple, aparte del verbo be<\/span> (am<\/span>, is<\/span>, are<\/span>).<\/li>
    5. Los modales no llevan -s.<\/strong> She can swim.<\/span> He must go.<\/span> Nunca \u00abshe cans\u00bb.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n

      Pronunciaci\u00f3n de la -s: \/s\/, \/z\/, \/\u026az\/<\/h3>\n\n
      Sonido<\/th>Cu\u00e1ndo<\/th>Ejemplos<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
      \/s\/<\/td>tras un sonido sordo: \/p\/, \/t\/, \/k\/, \/f\/, \/\u03b8\/<\/td>works, stops, gets, laughs<\/td><\/tr>
      \/z\/<\/td>tras vocal o sonido sonoro<\/td>plays, reads, lives, runs<\/td><\/tr>
      \/\u026az\/<\/td>tras \/s\/, \/z\/, \/\u0283\/, \/t\u0283\/, \/\u0292\/, \/d\u0292\/<\/td>misses, uses, washes, watches, changes<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

      Solo en el tercer caso hay una s\u00edlaba m\u00e1s: watches<\/span> tiene dos s\u00edlabas, pero likes<\/span> tiene una, no \u00ablai-kes\u00bb. Dos verbos cambian adem\u00e1s de vocal: does<\/span> suena \u00abdas\u00bb y says<\/span>, \u00abses\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n

      Negativa, preguntas y respuestas cortas<\/h2>\n\n
      1. Negativa: don’t o doesn’t + verbo base.<\/strong> She doesn’t like fish.<\/span> La -s ya est\u00e1 en doesn’t<\/span>: el verbo no la lleva.<\/li>
      2. Pregunta: Do o Does + sujeto + verbo base.<\/strong> Do you speak French?<\/span> Does your brother play football?<\/span><\/li>
      3. Pregunta con part\u00edcula interrogativa.<\/strong> Part\u00edcula + do\/does + sujeto + verbo: Where do you live?<\/span> What time does the bus leave?<\/span> What does she do?<\/span><\/li>
      4. Respuestas cortas con el auxiliar.<\/strong> Do you like pizza? Yes, I do.<\/span> Does he live here? No, he doesn’t.<\/span> Responder solo \u00abYes, I like\u00bb suena incompleto.<\/li>
      5. Preguntas de sujeto, sin do.<\/strong> Si who<\/span> o what<\/span> es el sujeto, no hay auxiliar: Who lives here?<\/span> What happens next?<\/span><\/li>
      6. Be y los modales no usan do.<\/strong> Are you tired?<\/span> Can you swim?<\/span> She isn’t here.<\/span> Nunca \u00abDo you are\u2026?\u00bb.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n

        Con have<\/span>, \u00abtener\u00bb, la pregunta normal es Do you have a pet?<\/span> En el Reino Unido se oye mucho tambi\u00e9n Have you got a pet?<\/span>, sin do<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n

        Adverbios de frecuencia<\/h2>\n\n
        Adverbio<\/th>Espa\u00f1ol<\/th>Ejemplo<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
        always<\/td>siempre<\/td>I always walk to school.<\/td><\/tr>
        usually<\/td>normalmente<\/td>We usually have lunch at two.<\/td><\/tr>
        often<\/td>a menudo<\/td>She often reads in bed.<\/td><\/tr>
        sometimes<\/td>a veces<\/td>I sometimes forget my keys.<\/td><\/tr>
        rarely<\/td>rara vez<\/td>He rarely watches TV.<\/td><\/tr>
        hardly ever<\/td>casi nunca<\/td>They hardly ever eat meat.<\/td><\/tr>
        never<\/td>nunca<\/td>I never drink coffee.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n
        1. Delante del verbo principal.<\/strong> I often play tennis.<\/span> No \u00abI play often tennis\u00bb.<\/li>
        2. Detr\u00e1s de be.<\/strong> She is always late.<\/span> We’re never bored.<\/span><\/li>
        3. Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.<\/strong> I don’t usually get up early.<\/span> Do you often go to the cinema?<\/span><\/li>
        4. Sometimes, usually y often admiten otras posiciones.<\/strong> Sometimes I walk.<\/span> I walk sometimes.<\/span> always<\/span> y never<\/span>, en cambio, no van al principio de una frase normal.<\/li>
        5. Las expresiones de varias palabras, al final.<\/strong> every day<\/span>, twice a week<\/span>, three times a year<\/span>: I go swimming twice a week.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n\n

          Con never<\/span>, la frase ya es negativa: I never eat fish<\/span>, no \u00abI don’t never eat fish\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n

          Present simple y presente espa\u00f1ol: no son lo mismo<\/h2>\n\n

          El presente espa\u00f1ol sirve para casi todo: lo habitual, lo que pasa ahora y hasta el futuro pr\u00f3ximo. El ingl\u00e9s reparte ese terreno entre varios tiempos, y ah\u00ed nacen la mayor\u00eda de los errores.<\/p>\n\n

          What do you do? I’m a teacher.<\/span>\u00bfA qu\u00e9 te dedicas? Soy profesora.<\/small><\/p>\n\n

          What are you doing? I’m reading.<\/span>\u00bfQu\u00e9 haces (ahora)? Leo.<\/small><\/p>\n\n

          I’m going to the cinema tomorrow.<\/span>Ma\u00f1ana voy al cine.<\/small><\/p>\n\n

          I’ve lived here since 2020.<\/span>Vivo aqu\u00ed desde 2020.<\/small><\/p>\n\n

          Shall I open the window?<\/span>\u00bfAbro la ventana?<\/small><\/p>\n\n

          1. Lo que pasa ahora: present continuous.<\/strong> \u00abLeo\u00bb puede ser un h\u00e1bito o una acci\u00f3n en curso; en ingl\u00e9s, I read<\/span> es el h\u00e1bito y I’m reading<\/span>, lo de ahora.<\/li>
          2. Planes: present continuous o going to.<\/strong> El present simple solo expresa futuro con horarios fijos.<\/li>
          3. Desde hace: present perfect.<\/strong> \u00abVivo aqu\u00ed desde 2020\u00bb no es \u00abI live here since 2020\u00bb.<\/li>
          4. Ofrecimientos: shall.<\/strong> \u00ab\u00bfTe ayudo?\u00bb es Shall I help you?<\/span> o Can I help you?<\/span>, no \u00abDo I help you?\u00bb.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n

            En clase: la ruleta del present simple<\/h2>\n\n

            Cinco minutos al principio de la clase bastan para automatizar la -s y el do<\/span>. Una ruleta que elige el verbo cada d\u00eda es exactamente lo que hace un ritual diario.<\/p>\n\n

            1. Gira la ruleta: sale un verbo, por ejemplo watch<\/span>.<\/li>
            2. La clase conjuga en voz alta, un alumno por persona: I watch, you watch, he watches\u2026<\/span> En he, she e it, todos dan una palmada.<\/li>
            3. Un alumno pregunta a otro con el verbo: Do you watch TV in the morning?<\/span> Respuesta corta obligatoria: No, I don’t.<\/span><\/li>
            4. La clase lo cuenta en tercera persona: Luc\u00eda doesn’t watch TV in the morning.<\/span><\/li>
            5. Cierra con un adverbio de frecuencia: She never watches TV in the morning.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n\n

              Adaptar al nivel del grupo<\/h3>\n\n
              • A1<\/b>Afirmativa con verbos muy frecuentes (like, have, play, live) y la -s de la tercera persona: She likes dogs.<\/span><\/li>
              • A2<\/b>Negativa, preguntas, respuestas cortas y adverbios de frecuencia: Does he usually walk? Yes, he does.<\/span><\/li>
              • B1<\/b>Preguntas de sujeto, contraste con el present continuous y futuro tras when e if: Who teaches you? I’ll tell her when I see her.<\/span><\/li>
              • B2<\/b>Usos narrativos y de registro: titulares, instrucciones, res\u00famenes de libros y comentarios en directo: Smith passes to Jones, and he shoots!<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n

                En Primaria, la palmada en he, she e it y las rutinas diarias con m\u00edmica (I brush my teeth<\/span>) funcionan muy bien. En la ESO, las encuestas de clase (Find someone who plays the guitar<\/span>) obligan a preguntar con Do you\u2026?<\/span> y a contar con -s. En Bachillerato o en la EOI, trabaja el contraste con el present continuous y las oraciones temporales.<\/p>\n\n

                Errores t\u00edpicos de los alumnos hispanohablantes<\/h2>\n\n
                • Olvidar la -s: \u00abShe play the piano\u00bb. Correcto: She plays the piano.<\/span><\/li>
                • Poner la -s dos veces: \u00abDoes she plays?\u00bb, \u00abHe doesn’t likes\u00bb. Correcto: Does she play?<\/span> He doesn’t like.<\/span><\/li>
                • Preguntar sin auxiliar: \u00abYou like pizza?\u00bb, \u00abWhere you live?\u00bb. Correcto: Do you like pizza?<\/span> Where do you live?<\/span><\/li>
                • Mezclar do y be: \u00abDo you are happy?\u00bb, \u00abI don’t be\u00bb. Correcto: Are you happy?<\/span> I’m not.<\/span><\/li>
                • Usar don’t con he, she, it: \u00abHe don’t know\u00bb. Correcto en ingl\u00e9s est\u00e1ndar: He doesn’t know.<\/span><\/li>
                • Responder \u00abYes, I like\u00bb. Correcto: Yes, I do.<\/span><\/li>
                • Usar el present simple para lo de ahora: \u00abLook! It rains\u00bb. Correcto: Look! It’s raining.<\/span><\/li>
                • Calcar el \u00abdesde\u00bb: \u00abI live here since two years\u00bb. Correcto: I’ve lived here for two years.<\/span><\/li>
                • Colocar mal el adverbio: \u00abI go always by bus\u00bb. Correcto: I always go by bus.<\/span><\/li>
                • Omitir el sujeto: \u00abRains a lot in Galicia\u00bb. Correcto: It rains a lot in Galicia.<\/span><\/li>
                • A\u00f1adir una s\u00edlaba: pronunciar likes<\/span> como \u00ablai-kes\u00bb o works<\/span> como \u00abwor-kes\u00bb.<\/li><\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Formaci\u00f3n, usos y trampas del present simple, con tablas completas y los errores que cometen los alumnos hispanohablantes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"menu_order":40,"template":"","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"Present simple: reglas, tablas y ejemplos | VocaDial","_seopress_titles_desc":"El present simple en ingl\u00e9s con tablas: la -s de he, she, it, do y does, negativa, preguntas, adverbios de frecuencia y errores de hispanohablantes.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"_vd_topic":"present","_vd_target":"en","_vd_module":"rueda","_vd_level":"A1\u2013B1","_vd_minutes":"10","_vd_card_word":"she works","_vd_answer":"El present simple se forma con el verbo en su forma base (I work, you work, we work, they work) y a\u00f1ade -s o -es en la tercera persona del singular (he works, she watches, it goes). La negativa y las preguntas usan el auxiliar do o does con el verbo base: I don't work, She doesn't work, Do you work?, Does she work? Se usa para h\u00e1bitos, rutinas, hechos generales y horarios.","_vd_faq":"[{\"q\":\"\u00bfC\u00f3mo se forma el present simple?\",\"a\":\"Con el verbo en su forma base para I, you, we y they (I work) y con -s o -es para he, she e it (she works, he watches). La negativa usa don't o doesn't + verbo base, y la pregunta, Do o Does + sujeto + verbo base.\"},{\"q\":\"\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo se usa el present simple?\",\"a\":\"Para h\u00e1bitos y rutinas (I get up at seven), hechos generales (Water boils at 100 \u00b0C), situaciones permanentes (She lives in Madrid), gustos y opiniones (I like music) y horarios (The train leaves at eight).\"},{\"q\":\"\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo se a\u00f1ade -es en vez de -s?\",\"a\":\"Cuando el verbo termina en -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x o -z (misses, washes, watches, fixes), adem\u00e1s de goes y does. Si termina en consonante + y, la y cambia a -ies: studies, flies.\"},{\"q\":\"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 se dice Does she like y no Does she likes?\",\"a\":\"Porque la marca de tercera persona ya est\u00e1 en el auxiliar does. Tras do, does y doesn't, el verbo siempre va en su forma base: Does she like\u2026?, She doesn't like\u2026\"},{\"q\":\"\u00bfD\u00f3nde se colocan los adverbios de frecuencia?\",\"a\":\"Delante del verbo principal (I always walk), detr\u00e1s del verbo be (She is always late) y entre el auxiliar y el verbo (I don't usually eat meat). Las expresiones como every day o twice a week van al final.\"},{\"q\":\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 diferencia hay entre el present simple y el present continuous?\",\"a\":\"El present simple expresa h\u00e1bitos y situaciones permanentes (I play tennis on Sundays); el present continuous, lo que est\u00e1 pasando ahora o en esta \u00e9poca (I'm playing tennis now) y los planes ya decididos.\"}]","_vd_key":"present-en","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-98","vd_ressource","type-vd_ressource","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vocadial.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vd_ressource\/98","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vocadial.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vd_ressource"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vocadial.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/vd_ressource"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vocadial.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vd_ressource\/98\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vocadial.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}